In 2017, the Multinational Capability Development Campaign (MCDC), a consortium including Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and the European Union, published a report titled *Understanding Hybrid Warfare*.
… An interesting question arises.
What happens when an entity employs many of the same methods but describes itself not as a state, movement, or military organization, but as a religion?
The question becomes particularly relevant when examining Islam’s own primary sources.
